I think half of these plot holes can be explained by the fact that Sonic doesn't WANT to leave Earth. Sure, he could've taken a map and gotten his rings back all on his own if he really wanted to, but he didn't; he wanted to make friends before he left. Same thing with running upside the building. He probably could have, but why do that when he can instead say goodbye on the rooftop with his newfound friends? It all ties into the theme of loneliness and belonging.
I think half of these plot holes can be explained by the fact that Sonic doesn't WANT to leave Earth. Sure, he could've taken a map and gotten his rings back all on his own if he really wanted to, but he didn't; he wanted to make friends before he left. Same thing with running upside the building. He probably could have, but why do that when he can instead say goodbye on the rooftop with his newfound friends? It all ties into the theme of loneliness and belonging.